NAD+

Why Researchers Choose NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the coenzyme that sits at the centre of cellular energy and repair, and injectable NAD+ is the form most used in research that needs reliable systemic exposure. Because tissue NAD+ levels fall sharply with age, it is studied wherever mitochondrial function, DNA repair and the biology of ageing intersect:

• Sirtuin activation and epigenetic regulation studies
• Mitochondrial biogenesis and function research
• DNA damage repair capacity assessment
• Metabolic flexibility and substrate oxidation studies
• Neurological function and neuroprotection in ageing models
• Inflammatory pathway modulation (NF-kB, CD38 activity)

How NAD+ Works

NAD+ cycles between its oxidised (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms to shuttle electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the process that ultimately generates ATP. Beyond energy metabolism, the same molecule is the obligatory substrate for two families of repair enzymes: sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6), which govern epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial oxidative defence and telomere maintenance, and PARP enzymes, which carry out poly(ADP-ribose) DNA repair. Because both enzyme classes consume NAD+, the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio acts as a real-time sensor of energy and stress state, and restoring NAD+ is studied as a way to keep these pathways active in ageing models.

Storage and Reconstitution

Reconstitution: use sterile water for injection or normal saline immediately before use; for IV further dilute in 100-250ml normal saline, for subcutaneous use 1-2ml bacteriostatic water. Protect from light. After reconstitution: keep refrigerated and use within 24 hours for IV, within 7 days for subcutaneous.