How does NAD+ work in the cell?

NAD+ cycles between its oxidised (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms to ferry electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain, enabling ATP production. The same molecule is consumed by sirtuins and PARP enzymes during DNA repair and gene regulation, so the NAD+/NADH ratio acts as a real-time sensor of a cell's energy and stress state.

What are the main sirtuin targets of NAD+?

SIRT1 regulates autophagy, inflammation and circadian rhythm. SIRT3 is the principal mitochondrial sirtuin and controls oxidative stress and fatty-acid oxidation. SIRT6 supports DNA repair and telomere maintenance. Every sirtuin requires NAD+ as a substrate, so the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio directly sets how active these enzymes can be.

How is purity verified?

Each batch ships with a certificate of analysis reporting purity by HPLC and identity by mass spectrometry. It is available on request before ordering.

NAD+ - NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the central redo

NAD+

Name: NAD+
Brand: Milo-Lab
Availability: InStock

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the central redox coenzyme and a substrate for sirtuin and PARP enzymes. Research compound.

CellularMitochondrial

In Stock

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1 vial · 500 mg total

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฿2400

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For research & laboratory use only. Not for human consumption.

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Sirtuin Substrate

Substrate for SIRT1/3/5 in epigenetic and metabolic pathways

PARP Cofactor

Essential cofactor for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

Redox Coenzyme

Electron carrier in the mitochondrial transport chain

Mechanism of Action

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the oxidised redox coenzyme at the centre of cellular redox metabolism, shuttling electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis. It is also the obligate co-substrate for the sirtuin deacetylases (SIRT1 through SIRT7), enzymes involved in DNA repair, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammatory signalling and stress-response gene expression. NAD+ also powers the PARP family (poly-ADP-ribose polymerases), which detect and repair single-strand DNA breaks, and is consumed by CD38 ectoenzymes. Because sirtuins, PARPs and CD38 all consume NAD+, the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio is widely used as a readout in metabolic and DNA-repair research.

Scientific Research

NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2021)

What NAD+ Is

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the coenzyme that sits at the centre of cellular redox metabolism and DNA-repair signalling. It is studied wherever mitochondrial function, sirtuin biology and PARP-dependent DNA repair intersect:

Sirtuin activity and epigenetic regulation studies
Mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration research
PARP-dependent DNA damage repair assays
Metabolic flexibility and substrate oxidation studies
Inflammatory pathway research (NF-kB, CD38 activity)

How NAD+ Works

NAD+ cycles between its oxidised (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms to shuttle electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the process that ultimately generates ATP. The same molecule is the obligatory substrate for two families of enzymes: sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6), which govern epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial oxidative defence and telomere maintenance, and PARP enzymes, which carry out poly(ADP-ribose) DNA repair. Because both enzyme classes consume NAD+, the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio acts as a real-time sensor of redox and stress state.

Storage

Lyophilised vials: store at -20°C, protected from light.

For research purposes only. Not for human consumption.

NAD+

Sirtuin Substrate

PARP Cofactor

Redox Coenzyme

Mechanism of Action

Scientific Research

What NAD+ Is

How NAD+ Works

Storage

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